讲座预告｜Efthymios Nikolaidis：公元17—19世纪欧洲科学在奥斯曼帝国的传播

2025年10月13日 10:27:03已关闭评论43

时间：2025年10月17日 09:30—11:30

地点：清华大学人文楼B206

主题：The Spread of European Science in the Ottoman Empire, 17th—19th c.

主讲人：Efthymios Nikolaidis (National Hellenic Research Foundation，NHRF)

讲座预告｜Efthymios Nikolaidis：公元17—19世纪欧洲科学在奥斯曼帝国的传播

讲座摘要

From the fifteenth century to the early nineteenth, the Ottoman Empire ruled a vast and diverse realm across Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. After conquering Constantinople in 1453, Sultan Mehmed II established the Millet system, granting religious communities’ autonomy, including control over education. Thus, Muslims studied in madrassas, while Orthodox Christians organized their own schools. Until the seventeenth century, Christian education remained limited to theology and philology, later expanding to include Ancient Greek science. Many Christian students pursued higher education in European universities such as Padua, becoming key intermediaries in transmitting modern European science to the Ottoman world.

Because the Millet system restricted contact between Muslim scholars and Western education, new European scientific ideas entered the Empire mainly through the Greek-speaking Orthodox communities. These schools preserved the Byzantine educational tradition and taught in Greek, which became the medium for circulating works on modern science. However, the introduction of Copernican and other “new sciences” often clashed with entrenched Aristotelian doctrines, provoking theological and intellectual debates within the Orthodox Church.

After the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca (1774), a wealthy, cosmopolitan Greek elite emerged, fostering the “Greek Enlightenment” and further spreading European thought. Yet the French Revolution’s secular and egalitarian ideals triggered a conservative backlash from the Fener aristocracy and the Church.

This lecture traces how European science entered and transformed the Ottoman intellectual landscape—from resistance and adaptation to its role in shaping the national movements that eventually contributed to the Empire’s disintegration.

主讲人简介

埃菲思缪斯·尼古拉耶迪斯（Efthymios Nikolaidis，1954— ），希腊雅典人。1978年于法国巴黎第十一大学获物理学学士学位，1982年于法国社会科学高等研究院获科学史博士学位。现为希腊国家研究基金会（National Hellenic Research Foundation，NHRF）历史研究所名誉所长，于2013—2017年任国际科学史与科学哲学联盟科学技术史学会（The International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, Division of History of Science and Technology，DHST/IUHPST）主席，2017—2021，2023年两次当选国际科学史研究院（International Academy of History of Science，IAHS）秘书长。

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